The impact of transport energy consumption and foreign direct investment on CO2 emissions in ASEAN countries

نویسندگان

چکیده

This study assesses the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) and energy consumption transport sector on CO 2 emissions in five ASEAN (Association Southeast Asian Nations) countries for period 1980–2019. The employs environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), uses a nonlinear autoregressive distributive lag model (NARDL) to analyze data. results suggest that carbon their determinants have long-run equilibrium cointegrated relationship. Findings reveal EKC relation between income holds only Singapore, whereas Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, growth impacts positively. Foreign also significantly selected countries, except Singapore. Transport contributes more than FDI. Moreover, FDI consumption-led models are appropriate economies. recommends cautious policies, clean inflows, an emphasis energy-efficient systems.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Frontiers in Energy Research

سال: 2022

ISSN: ['2296-598X']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.994062